Methods used by dentists to identify sexual violence against children and adolescents: an integrative literature review

Abstract

Introduction: The dental surgeon plays an essential role in the identification and notification of cases of child sexual abuse, as he has privileged access to clinical signs indicative of violence, such as oral injuries, fractures and infections. Its work includes detailed documentation, compulsory notification to the authorities and multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure the protection of the victim, as established by the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA). In Brazil, the data show the seriousness of child sexual violence, with mostly female victims and male aggressors working inside the homes. This scenario reinforces the importance of continuous training of professionals for effective care. Objectives: The study seeks to emphasize the role of the dental surgeon in the identification and notification of sexual violence against children and adolescents, emphasizing the importance of specific training so that the professional can act effectively, minimizing the suffering of the victims and contributing to their protection. Methodology: The study was developed through an integrative literature review, using a qualitative and descriptive approach to analyze methods used by dentists in the identification and notification of child sexual violence. Original articles published between 2020 and 2025, available in the SCIELO, LILACS and PUBMED databases, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, were selected. Data collection took place between December 2024 and June 2025, using descriptors combined by Boolean operators. The data were organized in tables and discussed in the light of the scientific literature. Duplicate articles or articles without peer review were excluded, ensuring methodological rigor in the analysis. Results: The data analyzed indicate that the dental surgeon plays a strategic role in the early detection of child abuse, mainly through the observation of clinical signs. The literature highlights advances in professional awareness and recognition of the mandatory nature of compulsory notification, despite persistent challenges, such as legal uncertainty and the absence of standardized protocols. Conclusion: The ethical and legal training of professionals, the strengthening of protection networks and the promotion of interdisciplinary work are essential measures to ensure the full protection of victims.