Prevalência do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico em idosos com Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v15i2.11431Resumo
O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de incapacidade e mortalidade cardiovascular global, impactando milhões de pessoas anualmente devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida, envelhecimento populacional e crescimento de comorbidades como hipertensão e diabetes. Esse artigo de revisão objetiva analisar a prevalência do AVC isquêmico (AVCI) em idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), dado que essa população apresenta um risco até quatro vezes maior de eventos cardiovasculares, incluindo AVC, em comparação com a população geral. Além disso, busca identificar os principais fatores de risco, mecanismos fisiopatológicos e desfechos clínicos, consolidando as evidências disponíveis para orientar futuras pesquisas. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que não limitou o período de publicação, abrangendo diversas fontes científicas, como PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar, com descritores como "stroke", "ischemic stroke", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "prevalence" e "elderly", guiado pela pergunta: "Qual a prevalência do AVC isquêmico em idosos com DM2 e quais os principais fatores de risco associados a essa população?". Os resultados indicam que, apesar da redução na incidência de AVC nas últimas décadas, o risco ao longo da vida continua elevado devido ao envelhecimento populacional e ao aumento de fatores de risco como obesidade e DM. O DM2, em particular, é um dos principais desafios, com projeções indicando crescimento expressivo no número de pacientes até 2065. Além disso, pacientes com diabetes apresentam maior risco de recorrência de AVC e piores resultados clínicos, mesmo após o primeiro evento. Embora avanços na prevenção secundária tenham contribuído para a redução dos eventos cardiovasculares, a ausência de ensaios clínicos específicos para prevenção de AVC em diabéticos representa uma lacuna crítica, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias terapêuticas mais direcionadas.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Artur Moreno de Andrade Vasconcelos, Ankilma Andrade Feitosa, Cícera Amanda Mota Seabra, Renêe Dominik Carvalho Pereira Osório
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