In vitro propagation of Melocactus brederooianus for conservation purposes

Abstract

Melocactus brederooianus Buining is an endemic cactus species from the Brazilian semiarid region that is currently severely threatened with extinction due to habitat degradation and predatory extraction. Given this scenario, the National Institute of the Semiarid (INSA) developed an in vitro culture protocol aimed at ensuring efficient germination and enabling the ex situ conservation of the species. This paper reports the laboratory experience conducted at INSA's facilities in Campina Grande - PB, Brazil, during 2023. The justifications for choosing the biotechnological approach are presented, detailing the stages of explant asepsis, inoculation in a specific culture medium, and incubation conditions. The results demonstrated success in the initial establishment and seed germination rate under controlled conditions, overcoming the limitations of the natural environment. In conclusion, micropropagation proves to be a viable and indispensable biotechnological tool for the genetic safeguarding and future reintroduction of this endangered cactus.