Analysis of water quality in schools in Tabira-pe: implications for public health

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of drinking water in public schools in the municipality of Tabira, Pernambuco, Brazil, considering its implications for public health. Water samples collected from drinking fountains in municipal and state schools were analyzed. These samples were properly identified and collected in triplicate and subsequently subjected to physicochemical analyses, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, and major ions, as well as microbiological analysis for the detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, using a methodology based on chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates. The data were statistically treated using a completely randomized design, with analysis of variance and Tukey's test at a 5% probability level. The results demonstrated that all evaluated physicochemical parameters remained within the limits established by current legislation, indicating the stability and suitability of the water for human consumption. However, in the microbiological analysis, the presence of total coliforms was verified in one of the schools analyzed, while Escherichia coli was not detected in any sample. The occurrence of total coliforms, even if sporadic, suggests possible failures in the hygiene or maintenance of the drinking fountains, not necessarily indicative of recent fecal contamination, but representing a potential health risk. Thus, it is concluded that, although the water quality is mostly satisfactory, the identification of microbiological nonconformity highlights the need for continuous monitoring, adequate maintenance of distribution systems, and strengthening of sanitary surveillance actions, in order to guarantee the safety of the water consumed and contribute to the promotion of the health of the school population.