The influence of breastfeeding on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, immunocompetence and nutrition of the child

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of breastfeeding on the composition of the infant gut microbiota, immune competence, and the nutritional development of the child. Breastfeeding, through breast milk, provides essential nutrients and bioactive compounds that help establish a healthy gut microbiota and strengthen the baby's immune system. Compounds like human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play a crucial role in this process, acting as prebiotics that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. Additionally, exclusive breastfeeding has protective effects against intestinal diseases and immune disorders, contributing to balanced nutritional development. The methodology adopted was a systematic literature review, selecting articles from scientific databases such as PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), and Portal de Periódicos da  CAPES , published in the last ten years. The analysis of the studies revealed that exclusive breastfeeding is key for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota, strengthening the immune system, and promoting adequate nutritional growth, being essential for child health.

KEYWORDS: Gut microbiota; Intestinal health; Immune system; Breastfeeding. Oligosaccharides.