Epidemiological profile of meningitis cases in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo

Abstract

Introduction: Meningitis is a severe infection that affects the membranes of the brain and spinal cord, with high lethality and a risk of complications. In Brazil, its assessment is hindered by underreporting and a lack of consistent data, particularly in rural areas. Therefore, it is essential to develop interventions to reduce its incidence, especially among vulnerable groups. This study describes the epidemiological profile of meningitis in Ribeirão Preto and proposes an intervention plan based on a literature review. Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiological study using data collected in Ribeirão Preto between 2014 and 2024. All meningitis notifications were included, except for unidentifiable data. Variables such as sex, age group, and race were analyzed. A systematic review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and SciELO, considering articles published between 2015 and 2023 on epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Results: A significant increase in cases was observed in 2023, with 214 notifications, predominantly among men (57.2%) and in the 20 to 39-year-old age group (19.2%). The review highlighted the expansion of vaccination coverage and the strengthening of surveillance as essential measures. Discussion: The increase in cases underscores the urgency of interventions. Despite advancements in vaccination, coverage remains insufficient, particularly in vulnerable areas. Improvements in surveillance and educational campaigns are crucial to increasing vaccination adherence and reducing the incidence of the disease.