Análise da situação de saúde de pacientes domiciliados com necessidade de atenção especial

Abstract

The objective was to analyze the health status of bedridden patients who require home care in the municipality of Assunção, Paraíba, based on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population assisted, the barriers faced in accessing health care, and perceptions of the quality of care and quality of life. This was an observational, descriptive study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Data were obtained from medical records, semi-structured interviews, and structured questionnaires administered to patients and family members linked to the Francisco Pereira Basic Health Unit. The sample consisted of 23 bedridden patients, selected based on eligibility criteria defined by the Home Care Complexity Assessment Instrument (IAEC-AD). The variables considered included clinical-demographic data, social vulnerability, and perception of quality of life. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v. 20 software, and the results revealed a predominance of male individuals (65.2%), married, aged between 84 and 89 years, with low education and income of up to one minimum wage. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (34.8%) and dementia (30.4%). ll patients received family care, and 69.6% rated the home care service positively. However, 34.8% of them reported having a poor perception of quality of life, and the application of the Coelho and Savassi Scale identified maximum family vulnerability (R3—maximum risk), with a score equal to or greater than 8, revealing the complexity of home care. However, the low frequency of recent hospitalizations suggests the effectiveness of the care model adopted. The results reaffirm the importance of home care as a strategy for dehospitalization and humanized care, especially in contexts of high social vulnerability. However, the overload of family caregivers, the lack of multidisciplinary support, and the structural precariousness of services limit the effectiveness of this type of care.