SGLT2 inhibitors: therapeutic innovation in congestive heart failure

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by myocardial structural or functional dysfunction. It affects about 26 million people and is responsible for high rates of hospitalization in adults and the elderly, as well as high rates of morbidity and mortality. Therapy of the disease is very broad and is recommended for all patients with some degree of ventricular dysfunction, even in the absence of symptoms. The main objective of this study was to understand the effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (ISGLT2) inhibitors in the treatment of patients with Congestive Heart Failure. The methodology includes an integrative review of the literature developed based on the guiding question: "Are SGLT2 inhibitors really effective in the treatment of Congestive Heart Failure?", through the database: National Library of Medicine (PubMed), using the descriptors registered in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): SGLT2 Inhibitor, Heart Failure, Treatment. Correlating the descriptors with the logical Boolean operator (AND) to find as many articles as possible. Regarding the inclusion criteria used, they will be: complete articles, available and indexed in the aforementioned databases, free of charge, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published between 2013 and 2023. Incomplete articles, monographs, dissertations, and theses were excluded. A new drug class emerges as a promising alternative for the treatment of Heart Failure, the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. These drugs have been shown to be effective in significantly reducing cardiovascular death, reducing hospitalizations, as well as high tolerance to the drug and improving the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is believed that SGLT2 inhibitors are a promising alternative in the treatment of heart failure because they are highly effective in reducing cardiovascular events and reducing hospitalization rates, as well as improving the quality of life and clinical outcome of patients.