Importance of submental intubation in facial polytrauma

Abstract

Introduction: Submental intubation has been shown to be an efficient and less invasive option in situations of facial polytrauma, particularly when conventional intubation methods are not possible or safe.  With the complexity of facial fractures and the need to preserve the airway without interfering with the surgical procedure, this technique presents itself as a practical alternative, providing safety, aesthetic preservation, and a reduced rate of complications. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness and applicability of submental intubation in patients with facial polytrauma, highlighting its contribution to airway maintenance and surgical success. Method: This is an integrative literature review, of an exploratory and qualitative nature. The search was carried out in the VHL, PubMed and CAPES Periodicals databases, using the descriptors "submental intubation" and "face". Eight articles published between 2020 and 2024 were selected, based on inclusion criteria that prioritized clinical studies and reviews with evidence on the technique in oral and maxillofacial traumatology. Results: The technique proved to be effective in airway management in facial fractures, orthognathic surgeries and pediatric cases. Among its advantages are the maintenance of the surgical field free, lower risk of infection and discrete scarring, in addition to lower morbidity when compared to tracheostomy. The complications reported were minimal, especially glandular lesions, local infections, and problems with the tube path. Conclusion: Submental intubation is a safe, effective, and low-risk technique, being an important alternative to airway management in patients with complex facial trauma. Its proper adoption, combined with professional training, contributes to better clinical results and lower incidence of complications, consolidating itself as a relevant practice in surgical dentistry.