Investigation of lactose intolerance in the elderly

Abstract

Introduction: lactose intolerance is a prevalent condition in Brazil, affecting approximately 35% of the adult population and being more common among women. This condition, resulting from lactase enzyme deficiency, causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea after the ingestion of dairy products. The diversity of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches raises questions regarding the effectiveness of current practices, especially in the care of older adults. Objective: to investigate the main diagnostic and therapeutic procedures adopted by healthcare professionals in the management of older adults with lactose intolerance, analyzing strategies, difficulties, and perceptions regarding clinical outcomes. Methods: this is a qualitative and descriptive study conducted through semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals. Data collection was performed using the “snowball” sampling technique, with thematic content analysis based on Minayo’s methodology (2014), using MAXQDA 24 software. Results: the most recurrent themes were gastrointestinal symptoms, the use of lactase enzymes, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and exclusion and reintroduction diets. Diagnosis was predominantly clinical, complemented by tests such as the lactose tolerance test. Treatment adherence was satisfactory; however, there was initial resistance and economic barriers. Strategies such as replacing dairy products with plant-based foods and the use of A2 casein products were identified as alternatives. Conclusion: healthcare professionals employ different strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of lactose intolerance in older adults, with emphasis on dietary adaptation, enzyme use, and supplementation, despite challenges related to adherence and cost.