Microorganismos eficientes: ¿una herramienta alternativa para el manejo de la sequía en plantas de frijol?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v17i1.9171Palabras clave:
agroecología, frijol común, estrés hídrico, microorganismos beneficiososResumen
El objetivo era evaluar el efecto de microorganismos eficientes (ME) en plantas de frijol común sometidas a estrés hídrico. Se cultivaron plantas de frijol criollo en invernadero las cuales fueron sometidas a tratamientos con diferentes niveles de capacidad de jarrón (CP) (100; 75 y 50% CP) y/o microorganismo eficiente (ME) en la dilución 1:20 o 1: 100. Las variables analizadas fueron intercambio de gases, eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA), fluorescencia y concentración de clorofila, así como análisis biometricos. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis de varianza y las medias se compararon mediante la prueba de Tukey (p <0.05). Bajo estrés hídrico severo (50% CP), la tasa fotosintética (A) se redujo en un 77%, así como la conductancia estomática. El tratamiento con ME 1: 100 mostró transpiración aproximadamente 3 veces mayor que el tratamiento sin ME, eficiencia carboxilativa 3 veces mayor y fluorescencia inicial (F0) 1,2 veces mayor que los otros tratamientos. Bajo estrés hídrico moderado (75% CP) la A se redujo en un 64%, las plantas tratadas con ME 1: 100 aumentaron la energía no regulada en comparación con las plantas sin incorporación de ME y se mantuvieron los valores de ME. EUA por estos tratamientos. En ambos niveles de estrés hídrico la disipación de energía no fotoquímica regulada en plantas aumentó con la aplicación de ME 1:20 y ME 1: 100 en comparación con el control, ambos tratamientos con ME incrementaron la F0 en 1, 7 (ME 1: 100) y 1,33 (ME 1:20). Las plantas tuvieron menor altura, diámetro del tallo, biomasa fresca y seca para todos los tratamientos en comparación con el control (100% PC). Los tratamientos con EM redujeron el área foliar y ME 1:20 fue superior. Los microorganismos eficientes promovieron una posible resistencia al déficit de agua, lo que indica la necesidad de más estudios. Se concluyó que el uso de ME parece prometedor y requiere más estudios sobre sus efectos.
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