Parasitism and Existence: philosophical reflections on life, otherness, and biological dependence

Abstract

This study seeks to analyze philosophical reflections on parasitism in the context of veterinary medicine, considering the complexity of life, otherness, and biological dependence. The research is linked to the Philosophy of Biology and Animal Ethics and is justified by the need to deepen the debate on the interrelationship between species, going beyond purely biological aspects to include existential and ethical dimensions. Veterinary medicine, constantly dealing with life, death, health, and disease, finds in parasitism a privileged field for philosophical reflection. Parasitism constitutes an interspecific relationship in which the parasite lives at the expense of the host, impacting physiology, behavior, and identity. This interaction challenges the notion of autonomy and individuality, suggesting an integrated and interdependent existence. Biological dependence demonstrates that autonomy should not be understood as absolute independence, but as the capacity for adaptation and negotiation in the face of environmental demands. Philosophies of care show that vulnerability and interdependence are constitutive of life. Animal health and welfare policies reinforce that ethical and responsible practices must consider this network of relationships, broadening the horizons of bioethics and challenging anthropocentric perspectives. In parasite control, technical decisions involve ethical and biopolitical issues. The indiscriminate use of antiparasitics generates resistance, environmental impacts, and public health risks. Veterinary ethics guides responsible interventions, promoting a balance between animal health, sustainability, and respect for life. The application of alternative methods, such as biological control and phytotherapy, exemplifies ethical, sustainable, and ecosystem-integrated practices. Biopolitics manifests itself in the regulation and management of animal populations, including prophylactic euthanasia and medication monitoring. Veterinarians act as mediators between science, public policy, and ethics, facing complex dilemmas that require philosophical reflection on social, environmental, and animal consequences. Educating pet owners is essential for preventive practices, ensuring responsible care and One Health. Parasite control should be seen as a space for ethical negotiation, which requires informed, contextualized, and conscious decisions. The interdisciplinary approach to Philosophy of Biology, Animal Ethics, and veterinary medicine broadens our understanding of otherness, autonomy, and interdependence, offering a holistic view of life and human responsibility. In summary, the study highlights that veterinary practice transcends clinical techniques and should integrate ethical reflection, animal welfare, and environmental sustainability. Parasitism, analyzed philosophically, offers an opportunity for critical reflection and the development of more conscious, humane, and environmentally responsible clinical practices, reinforcing the need for sound ethics, respected interdependence, and health promotion across multiple dimensions.